Information @ a Glance

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• Tungsten , also known as wolfram.
  Tungsten is a chemical element that has the symbol W and atomic number 74.
• Pure tungsten is a steel-gray to tin-white metal.
• Tungsten is a comparatively rare metal, being the 54th most abundant element in the earth’s crust.
• The analytical methods are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring tungsten, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to tungsten.
• Hard metal is the most important usage of tungsten.
• Many tungsten minerals glow under ultraviolet light.
• Tungsten features the lowest vapor pressure of all metals.
• The most important applications of the pure metallic tungsten are the production of filaments for bulb lamps, electric contacts, arch-welding electrodes, furnaces, valves for reaction propellers used in missiles and airships, etc.
• Tungsten is usually mined underground.
• The Tungsten ore is first crushed and milled to liberate the tungsten mineral crystals.
• Most tungsten deposits are formed when hot geothermal fluids rising toward the surface cool and react with the surrounding rock.
• Most tungsten concentrates are processed chemically to ammonium paratungstate (APT).
• Recycling is an important factor in the world’s tungsten supply.
• The fabrication of tungsten metal film can be obtained by spin coating process.
• The first industrial application of tungsten was the alloying and hardening of steels.
• It has recently found use as a nontoxic alternative to lead shot for waterfowl hunting and is being used to some extent as a substitute for lead in fishing weights.
• Tungsten is practically the only material used for electron emitters.
• Tungsten has been identified as a viable radiation sheilding material.
• Highly anisotropic dry etching of tungsten silicide and tungsten polycides is required for the realization of submicron low resistance gates and interconnects for use in high performance complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor ~CMOS! and BiCMOS technologies.
• Tungsten oxide nanomaterials were synthesized by a modified plasma arc gas condensation technique.
• A fabrication technique is used to prepare tungsten metal tips suitable for multi-tip STM aiming nanometer scale probing.
• Activated Combustion HVAF spraying provides efficient deposition of metallic and tungsten-carbide coatings using solid particle spray technology.
• Immobilisation of enzymes on the surface of tungsten –tungsten oxide pH-metric electrode in silica gel is obtained by the sol-gel method.
• Most of the tungsten mines in Nevada have ceased production due to economic constraints.
• Unfortunately, the U.S. does not mine tungsten, though it does have a few "large plants that take tungsten concentrate and produce intermediate products and finished products.
• Tungsten's increasing uses and growing economic demand for the metal has helped prices climb more than 300% in almost 10 years to average $254.50 per metric ton unit of ammonium paratungstate.
• The global demand of tungsten will remain stability and development in the future and the international market price of tungsten will remain stability due to the ascend price of tungsten in the market in a few years.
• Demand for all metals within China is rapidly increasing and tungsten is no exception. The increased demand for energy and metals in China has been one of the most influential elements in the markets’ dramatic rise in base-metal prices.
• Tungsten prices have fluctuated widely as the market alternated between periods of scarcity and oversupply.

• History Of  Tungsten
• Tungsten Information
• Tungsten
• About Tungsten

Process

• Analytical Methods
• New Process for Direct Carburation of Tungsten Blue Oxide to Tungsten Carbide
• Preparation of tungsten metal film by spin coating method
• Material Flow Of Tungsten
• Tungsten - An Overview
• Tungsten silicide and tungsten polycide anisotropic dry etch process for highly controlled dimensions and profiles

Market

• China's stranglehold on tungsten
• North America Tungsten Corporation Ltd
• Tungsten
• Tungsten Firms Call for Price Alliance
• Price fixing rights of tungsten from foreign to domestic market
• High Price Of Tungsten
• The Japanese Tungsten Market
• Average Tungsten Price

• Selection and Preparation Guide for Tungsten Electrodes
• Guidelines For Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
• Regulation & Advisories
• Relevance To Health
• Preparation and Characterization of Tungsten Tips Suitable for Molecular Electronics Studies

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