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Piperonyl
butoxide
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- Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is an organic
compound used as pesticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and
rotenone.
- It does not by itself have pesticidal
properties. However, when added to insecticide mixtures, typically
pyrethrin, pyrethroid, and carbamate insecticides, their potency is
increased considerably.
- It is a semisynthetic derivative of
safrole.
- Piperonyl butoxide is a colorless to pale
yellow liquid. It is practically insoluble in water and is stable to
hydrolysis and ultraviolet irradiation.
- Researchers consider piperonyl butoxide to
be noncorrosive.
- Piperonyl butoxide is a potent inhibitor
of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which detoxify insecticides for many
pests.
- Therefore, inhibiting the P450s allows
higher unmetabolised systemic concentrations of the insecticide
(such as pyrethroid) to remain within the target animal for a longer
period.
- PBO is frequently used,especially in
aerosol products and mosquito sprays, to increase the potency of
pyrethrin and synthetic pyrethroids, as well as other types of
insecticides.
- Many different formulations of insecticide
products contain
PBO. These include dusts, sprays, foggers, repellents and
pediculicides (lice killers); garden, lawn, ornamental plant, and,
agricultural pesticides; mosquito abatement products, termite
treatments, veterinary pesticides; and insecticides for human
clothing, bedding, and mattresses.
- According to surveys by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), PBO is one of the most commonly used
ingredients in insecticides. It is currently found in approximately
1600 to 1700 registered pest control products.
- On labels, PBO is sometimes listed as an
active ingredient, but may also be considered an inert ingredient
and not listed. PBO may also be listed as Butacide, Pybuthrin, ENT –
14250, and CAS Reg. No. 51-03-6.
- Because of its widespread use, PBO is
prevalent in the residential environment.
- Exposure to an insecticidal synergist like
PBO may make a person temporarily vulnerable to a variety of toxic
insults that could otherwise be tolerated.
- Not only does PBO kill organisms, it is
known to interfere with the reproduction of many types of wildlife
at much lower concentrations than those required for mortality.
- PBO also inhibits the breakdown of toxic
chemicals in wildlife and the soil, increasing the concentrations of
other, more acutely potent, pesticides.
- Although EPA maintains that the risk from
chronic dietary and water exposure to PBO is very low, it is in
dozens of products widely used in the home and community and not
fully evaluated for synergistic effects.
- It is commonly sprayed in insecticide
formulations by municipalities as part of mosquito abatement.
Children’s exposure to PBO is of concern because of their special
vulnerability.
- There was 127,500 kg of pyrethroids used
in California agriculture in 2003, but only 2,700 kg of PBO, so it
is clear that most of the agricultural pyrethroids are applied
without a PBO synergist.
- PBO acts as a hepatocarcinogen in rats fed
a diet containing 1.2% PBO for two years and induces
histopathological changes, such
as hepatocellular enlargement, anisonucleosis, and single-cell
necrosis, in the livers of imprinting control region (ICR) mice
administered a diet containing 0.9% PBO for twenty days.
- Although the mechanism of PBO induced
hepatocarcinogenesis is not completely known, this compound is
classified as a nongenotoxic carcinogen.
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General
- Introduction
- Piperonyl
butoxide
- Pyrethrins
and Piperonyl Butoxide
- Safety of
Pesticides used to control adult mosquitoes
- Lice,
Scabies and Pregnancy
- The impossible gene
- Types of Pesticides
Factsheet
- Piperonyl Butoxide
(PBO)
- Lindane
Alternatives: Health and Environmental Effects
- Piperonyl Butoxide
(Technical Fact Sheet)
- Insecticide
synergist factshet Piperonyl butoxide
- Lice Killing
Shampoo
- McKesson Lice
Killing Shampoo Drug Facts
MSDS
- Butacide
- Drione
- Drione
MSDS
- Kicker
- Piperonyl
butoxide MSDS
- MSDS -
Piperonyl butoxide
- Pyrenone
- Scourge
- Sunivo
- Piperonyl
butoxide SC
- Piperonyl
butoxide tech 90%
- Zoecon
Products
- Aerothor
- Anvil
- Avian
- Ear drops
- Epest solutions
- Piperonyl butoxide
- Piperonyl butoxide
pharma grade GMP
- Product list
- Pyrethrins and
piperonyl butoxide shampoo
- Horse Shampoo
FIEHSHP16
- Pyrethrin and
Piperonyl Butoxide Topical
- Repel-X® Fly Spray
- Piperonyl butoxide
Information
- Lice killing
shampoo
Product
labels
- Aquapy
- CVS
- Excite
- Good
- Leader
- McKesson
- Pronto
- Wallgreen
Patent
- Use of piperonyl
butoxide to protect plants
- Cyclodextrin
inclusion complex of piperonyl butoxide
- Synergistic
compositions comprising pesticidal
5-amino-4-ethylsulfinyl-1-arylpyrazoles and piperonyl butoxide
- Propellent
insecticide comprising o-cyclohexylcyclohexenone, pyrethrins and
piperonyl butoxide
- Insecticidal
composition comprising ddt, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide
- Insecticidal
Polymer Matrix Comprising PBO and DM
- Insecticidal
compositions containing 1-naphthyl-n-methylcarbamate and piperonyl
butoxide as a synergist therefor
- Paint composition
- Arthropodicidal
compositions
Toxicity
-
Piperonyl butoxide
toxicity
-
Piperonyl butoxide
chemical safety card
-
Piperonyl
butoxide-ecological toxicity
-
Piperonyl butoxide with
pyrethrins poisoning
-
Toxicity Profile for
Piperonyl butoxide
-
Piperonyl Butoxide
(PBO)
Beyond Pesticides Rating: Toxic
-
Human Health Risk
Assessment
-
FAO specifications and
evaluations for agricultural pesticide: Piperonyl butoxide
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Suppliers
- Suppliers of Piperonyl
butoxide
- Manufacturers of Piperonyl
butoxide
- Selling leads of Piperonyl
butoxide
- Piperonyl
butoxide Suppliers
- Exporters of Piperonyl
butoxide
- Piperonyl
butoxide Suppliers list
- Indian supplier
- Chinese supplier
- Piperonyl
butoxide exporters
- Supplier from
Pennsylvania
- Trading leads
- List of suppliers
- Exporters list
Raw
material suppliers
- Butyldiglycol
- Paraformaldehyde
- Safrole
- Sassafras oil
Company profiles
- Company1 from China
- Company2 from China
- Company3 from China
- Company4 from China
- Company from
Hangzhou
- Company from India
- Company from Italy
Consultancy
- Consultancy from
Belgium
- Consultancy from
Florida
- Consultancy from
U.S.A
- Online Consultancy
News
- Pesticides being
proposed for Aerial spraying over south sacramento county among the
most toxic
- Duke Study Confirms
Toxicity of Widely Used Pesticide Ingredient
- Aerial spraying
against mosquitoes may be used more quickly this year in Mass
- Rhodia and Endura
join forces for the production of eco-friendly Piperonyl Butoxide
- Aerial Mosquito
Spraying For West Nile Virus Criticized By Health And Environmental
Advocates
- Mass. DPH holds
public hearing on mosquito policies in Raynham
Report
- Center for drug
evaluation and research
- Effect of Piperonyl
butoxide on permethrin toxicity in the Amphipod Hyalella azteca
- Environmental
concentrations, Fate and Risk assessment of Pyrethrins and Piperonyl
butoxide
- Cytochrome P-450
mediates tissue-damaging hydroxyl radical formation during
reoxygenation of the kidney
- Bioassay of
Piperonyl butoxide for possible carcinogenicity
- Environmental
exposures to Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids in the United states
Study
- Toxicological and biochemical studies on
spinosad and synergism with piperonyl butoxide
- Studies on the Inheritance of
Carbamate-resistance in the housefly
- Release of Piperonyl butoxide and
Permethrin from synergized ear tags
- Mechanistic Study on Hepatocarcinogenesis
of Piperonyl Butoxide in Mice
- Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Piperonyl
Butoxide and Permethrin on 36-Month Neurodevelopment
- Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and
Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological activities of Selected
Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly
- Piperonyl butoxide report
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