- Isocyanate is the
functional group of atoms –N=C=O (1 nitrogen, 1 carbon, 1 oxygen), not
to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as
–O–C=N.
- Any organic compound
which contains an isocyanate group may also be referred to in brief as
an isocyanate. An isocyanate may have more than one isocyanate group. An
isocyanate that has two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate.
- Diisocyanates are
manufactured for reaction with polyols in the production of
polyurethanes.
- A monofunctional
isocyanate of industrial significance is methyl isocyanate (MIC), which
is used in the manufacture of pesticides.
- The isocyanate group
reacts with the hydroxyl functional group to form a urethane linkage. If
a diisocyanate is reacted with a compound containing two or more
hydroxyl groups (a polyol), long polymer chains are formed, known as
polyurethanes.
- The normal
industrial route to the manufacture of diisocyanates, is to synthesise
the desired molecular structure with amine functional groups at the
positions to be occupied by the isocyanate groups. Reaction with
phosgene replaces the amine groups with isocyanate groups.
- Common methods for
the synthesis of isocyanates in the laboratory are the Curtius
rearrangement of acyl azides and the Lossen rearrangement of hydroxamic
acids.
- Isocyanates (NCO)
are highly reactive species used in the motor vehicle repair, adhesives,
polyurethane and coating industries.
- Major applications
of these isocyanates are in manufacture of flexible and rigid foams,
spandex fibres, coatings, elastomers, adhesives, microcellular sponages,
synthetic leather etc.
- The non-polymeric
applications of these isocyanates lie largely in the field of
insecticides, herbicides and other biologically active
compounds.
- MDI is used mostly
for rigid polyurethane foam manufacture, which are highly crosslinked
cellular polymers with a closed cell structure; each bubble within the
material has unbroken walls in order to restrict gas movement and thus
have excellent thermal insulation.
- The Isocyanate
markets of Japan and Korea are tied up, but other Asian countries demand
of TDI and MDI(Diphenylmethane Polyiisocyanate) was increased by
57,000m.t. and 77,000m.t. Most of increased portions were exported to
Europe and USA.
- As Asian market
expands, Isocyanate manufacturers are concentrating on Asian market and
try to expand market share.
- The annual output of
isocyanates in China is around 20000 tons, falling far short of the
domestic market demand. The net import amount was 97700 tons , as high
as 5.6 times the output that year and then it increased
to 129,000 tons and reached 53,100 tons.
- Methyl isocyanate
(MIC) is one of the most reactive of all isocyanates and is rapidly
degraded in aqueous medium. Because of its reactivity, MIC is used as an
intermediate in the synthesis of N-methylcarbamate and N-methylurea
insecticides and herbicides.
- A compilation of
case reports in industrial workers consistently noted skin and
respiratory irritation in MIC exposed workers but no definitive case of
sensitization. The mechanism of action for the pulmonary, skin, and eye
effects is irritation, but the mechanism of action for the systemic
effects is unknown.
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Introduction
- Isocyanate Chemical
Category
- Isocyanate
- Methyl
isocyanate
- Isocyanates -
Info
- Methyl Isocyanate -
Patient Information Sheet
- Ontario Air
Standards For Methyl Isocyanate
- Isocyanate -
Synthesis
MSDS
- Safety data for
poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde]
- Isocyanate
Activators, Hardeners, and Additives
- Cyclohexyl
isocyanate
- Isocyanate
Developing Solution
- Polymethylene
Polyphenylisocyanate
- Roof Insulation
Adhesive
- Safety data for
methyl isocyanate
- 2-Phenylethyl
isocyanate
Product
- Isocyanate
paints
- Toluene
Diisocyanates
- PS-Isocyanate
- Isocyanate -
Technical Bulletin
- Toluene
Diisocyanates - Technical Sheet
- 4-Trifluoromethylphenyl Isocyanate
Patent
- Isocyanate
Derivatizing Agent and Methods of Production and Use
- Methyl Isocyanate
Process
- Organic Isocyanate
Preparation
- Isocyanate
Preparation
- Isocyanate Process
for the Preparation of 1,3A,8-Trimethyl - 1,2,3,3A,8,8A - Hexahydro -
Pyrrole (2,3-B) Indol-5 (3AS, 8AR) - Hepthylcarbamate
- Process for the
preparation of isocyanates
- Isocyanate
Production Procedure
Process and
Technology
- The Nature of
Isocyanate to Wood Adhesion and the Locus of Resin
Penetration
- Process
- A Mild and Simple
Method for the Preparation of Isocyanates from Aliphatic
Amines Using
Trichloromethyl Chloroformate. Synthesis of an Isocyanate Containing an
Activated Disulfide
- Baxenden Chemicals
Technology
- Polyurethane Spray
Technology
- Soy Based Foam
Technologies for Automotive Seating
Market
- The demand for
isocyanates in Russia exceeds the offer by twofold
- 4 Majors are
Controlling Isocyanate Market
- Iran to start
isocyanates production in Nov.
- Present Status of
Isocyanate Production and Demand
- Isocyanates - Price
- The demand for
isocyanates in Russia exceeds the offer by twofold
- Toluene Diisocyanate
(TDI) Uses and Outlook
- Production
Turnkey
Provider
- Turnkey Provider
from India
- Turnkey Provider
from North Chicago
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Uses
- Isocyanates - Common
Uses
- Steam-Injection
Pressing of Isocyanate-Bonded Aspen Flakeboards
- Water Reducible
Polyester Polyol
- Novel Isocyanate
Isocyanate-Reactive Adhesives for Structural Wood Based Composites
(LVL)
- Measured Airborne
Isocyanate from Mixing and Brush and Roller Application of Isocyanate
based 2-pack Paints
- Assessment of
Isocyanate Exposure During the Spray Application of Polyurethane Foam
- Synthesis and
exfoliation of isocyanate-treated graphene oxide
nanoplatelets
Company
Profiles
- Company from
Sweden
- Company from North
America
- Company from
China
- Company from
Mumbai
- Company from
Shanghai
Suppliers and
Buyers
- Chemical Industry
- Isocyanate Selling
leads
- Isocyanate
Suppliers
- Suppliers of
Isocyanate
- Buyers
Consultants
- Experts in
Diphenylmethane-4,4'-Diisocyanate
- Consultant from New
Orleans
- Consultant from
Michigan
- Consultant from
California
- Another Consultant
from California
Guidelines
- Controlling
Isocyanate Hazards at Work
- Guidelines for Safe
Loading/Unloading
Transportation Storage Of TDI and MDI
in
Bulk
- A Guide to Spraying
Isocyanate Containing Paints
Risk and
hazards
- Hazard
Evaluation System and Information Service
- Concise
International Chemical Assessment Document
- Spray-on
urethane truck bed linings and isocyanate exposures
- Safe Use of
Isocyanates
- Safe Work
Procedures for Isocyanate-Containing Products
- Chronic Toxicity
Summary - Methyl Isocyanate
Report
- Automotive
Refinishing Industry Isocyanate Profile
- Case
Application
- Legacy
Report
- Isocyanate -
Induced Asthma In Michigan
- Real Time
Monitoring of Isocyanate Chemistry Using a Fiber - Optic FTIR Probe
- Proposed Acute
Exposure guidelines Levels
- A Case of
Occupational Asthma in Tunnel Workers Exposed to Isocyanates
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