- The main
co-products produced during iron and crude steel production are
slags (90% by mass), dusts and sludges. Process
gases, for example, from the coke oven, BF or BOF are
alsoimportant co-products
- On average the
production of one tonne of steel results in 200 kg (EAF) to 400
kg (BF/BOF) of co-products. These include slags, dusts, sludges
and other materials.
- Global iron
slag output in 2018 was on the order of 300 million to 360
million
tons, and steel slag about 190 million to 290 million tons.
- During
smelting, slagging agents and fluxes (mainly limestone or
dolomite and silica sand) are added to the blast furnace or
steelmaking furnace to remove impurities from the iron ore,
steel scrap, and other ferrous feeds. The slag protect the
liquid metal from outside oxygen
and maintain temperature by forming a lid. As the slags are
lighter thanthe liquid metal, they float and can be easily
removed.
- Blast furnace
(BF) slag is formed when iron ore or iron pellets, coke and a
flux (either limestone or dolomite) are melted together in a
blast furnace. When the metallurgical smelting process is
complete, the lime in the flux has been chemically combined with
the aluminates and silicates of the ore and coke ash to form a
non-metallic product called
blast furnace slag. During the period of cooling and hardening
from its molten state, BF slag can be cooled in several ways to
form any of several types of BF slag products.
- There are three
main types of marketed iron making or BF slag, categorised by
how they are cooled – air-cooled, granulated, and palletised (or
expanded).
- Slag is used as
substitute for clinker. This
slag otherwise would have been a waste and used as a filler
material. Slag, if used properly, will conserve valuable
limestone deposits required for production of cement.
- Exports of slag
(dross, etc.) in 2016-17 from India, increased to about 385
thousand tonnes from 271 thousand
tonnes in the previous year. Exports were mainly to China (55%),
Philippines (37%) and Nepal (7%)
- Slag from iron
and steel works are potential raw materials for carbonation due
to their high contents of calcium silicates
- Extraction of
calcium is exothermic and feasible at temperatures lower than
156 1C, while the precipitation of calcium carbonate is
endothermic and feasible at
temperatures above 45 1C.
- Utilisation of
solid industrial waste materials, more specifically steel
converter or basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags for production of
calcium carbonate via scientifically novel process routes are
able to reduce consumption of natural resources such as
limestone
- Slag2PCC
process would connect steel and papermaking industries in a way
which so far has not existed, using the technology would require
a new type of co-operation from the various companies
- In the Slag2PCC
process, a solution of an
ammonium salt is used to extract calcium from steelmaking slag.
The resulting Ca-rich solution is bubbled with CO2 gas which
reacts to form PCC.
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Basics
- Blast Furnace Slags
- Basic Oxygen furnace slag
- Electric arc furnace slag
-
Steelmaking combined with PCC production
- Slag
- Steel industry co-products
- Steel slag asphalted concrete
Processing
- MgO in Steelmaking Slag
- Leaching of Electric Arc Furnace
Slag by Ammonium Salts
- Steelmaking Slag Beneficiation
- Heavy
metal recovery from electric arc furnace steel slag by using
hydrochloric acid leaching
- Fertilizer from slag
Calcium
Carbonate
-
Production of calcium
carbonate
-
Precipitated calcium carbonate from
steelmaking slag
- Leaching Processes for the
extraction of Calcium from Steel Slag
-
The leaching of calcium from
iron and steel slag
- Precipitated Calcium
Carbonate from Steel Slag - pilot scale
- Carbonate Crystallization and
Polymorphism
Company
Profiles
- Company in
Steel Slag processing
- Steel slag data sheet
- Company in China
- Slag composition
Technology
-
Technology source
- Extraction of Free Magnesia from Steelmaking Slag
- Technologies for Steel Slag
Project
Information
- Slag to PCC research project
-
Leaching Plant supplier
-
Feasibility of Carbonation
- Consultancy Services
- Slag
to PCC research project
- Research Scientist
-
Project support services
- Slag
processing machinery
- Slag
processing & Services
- Slag suppliers & prices
Applications & Market Scenario
- Iron & Steel Slag data - India
- Iron & Steel Slag data - USA
- Slag Industry data - USA
- Application in the watershed
- Steel Slag
Application and Development of New Utilization Technologies
- Technology Scenario
- Environment-Friendly Block made from Steel Slag
-
Slag association
- Links to the world of Slag
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