Surfactants
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Contents on the CD Rom

  • Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents,
    emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants.
  • They enable the cleaning solution to fully wet the surface being cleaned so that dirt can be readily loosened and removed.They clean greasy, oily, particularly protein and carbohydrate-based stains. They are instrumental in removing dirt and in keeping them emulsified, suspended, and dispersed so they don't settle back onto the surface being cleaned.
  • Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic, meaning they contain both hydrophobic groups (their tails) and hydrophilic groups (their heads). Therefore, a surfactant molecule contains both a water insoluble (or oil soluble) component and a water soluble component.
  • Surfactant molecules will diffuse in water and adsorb at interfaces between air and water or at the interface between oil and water, in the case where water is mixed with oil.
  • The insoluble hydrophobic group may extend out of the bulk water phase, into the air or into the oil phase, while the water soluble head group remains in the water phase. This alignment of surfactant molecules at the surface modifies the surface properties of water at the water/air or water/oil interface.
  • In the bulk aqueous phase, surfactants form aggregates, such as micelles, where the hydrophobic tails form the core of the aggregate and the hydrophilic heads are in contact with the surrounding liquid.
  • Other types of aggregates such as spherical or cylindrical micelles or bilayers can be formed. The shape of the aggregates depends on the chemical structure of the surfactants, depending on the balance of the sizes of the hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic tail.
  • Surfactants play an important role as cleaning, wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, foaming and anti- foaming agents in many practical applications and products.
  • The annual global production of surfactants was 13 million metric tons in 2008,, and the annual turnover reached US$24.33 billion in 2009, nearly 2% up from the previous year. The market is expected to experience quite healthy growth by 2.8% annually to 2012 and by 3.5 - 4% thereafter.
  • The two major surfactants used in the year 2000 were linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and the alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APE). They break down in the aerobic conditions found in sewage treatment plants and in soil.
  • Surfactants lower the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved. By lowering this interfacial tension between two media or interfaces (e.g. air/water, water/stain, stain/fabric) the surfactant plays a key role in the removal and suspension of dirt.
  • The lower surface tension of the water makes it easier to lift dirt and grease off of dirty dishes, clothes and other surfaces, and help to keep them suspended in the dirty water.
  • The water-loving or hydrophilic head remains in the water and it pulls the stains towards the water, away from the fabric.
  • The surfactant molecules surround the stain particles, break them up and force them away from the surface of the fabric. They then suspend the stain particles in the wash water to remove them.
  • The world production of soaps, detergents and other surfactants was about 18 Mt (million tons) in 1970, 25 Mt in 1990 and 40 Mt in 2000 (not counting polymeric surfactants).
  • Approximately 25 % corresponds to the north american market and 25 % to the european market.The qualitative evolution of the market in the past 50 years is very significative. In effet, in 1940 the world production of surfactants (1.6 Mt) essentially consisted of soaps (fatty acid salts) manufactured acording to a very old fashioned technology.
  • Surfactants can be roughly classified into the ionic surfactant, which ionizes and becomes ion (an atom or a herd of atoms having an electrical charge) when dissolved in water, and the nonionic surfactant, which does not ionize.
  • The ionic surfactants can be further classified into the anionic surfactant, the cationic surfactant, and the dipolar surfactants by the type of ion when dissolved in water.
  • Surfactants from natural origin (vegetable or animal) are known as oleo-chemicals and are derived from sources such as palm oil or tallow. Surfactants from synthetic origin are known as petro-chemicals and are derived from petroleum.
  • The world market of surfactants reached US$23,9 billion in 2008, roughly 2.5% up from the previous year. When overall chemical industry experiences slowdown, the surfactant market value is expected to grow by 2.8% this year through 2010.
  • For surfactant analysis, detection methods such as ultraviolet/visible (UV), refractive index (RI), charged aerosol detection (CAD®), evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD), mass spectrometry (MS), or suppressed conductivity can be used.

Introduction

  • Surfactant
  • What is Surfactant
  • Surfactant Composition and action
  • Surfactant facts
  • Surfactant in health and disease
  • Surfactant leaching
  • History of Surfactant from 1980
  • Effect of viscosity and Surfactant on nonlinear water waves
  • Surfactants (Extracts of animal origin)

Types

  • Chemical types by surfactant class
  • Choosing the right surfactant
  • Kinds of Surfactants are used in Cosmetics
  • Kinds of Surfactants
  • Surfactants types and Uses
  • Effect of type and concentration of Surfactant on stability and rheological properties of explosive emulsions

Application

  • Timing soil Surfactant applications
  • Surfactants and their applications
  • Surfactant properties and application
  • Application of Surfactants in Petroleum industry
  • Application to a cationic gemini surfactant
  • Exogenous Surfactant application in a rat lung

Patent

  • Synthetic pulmonary surfactant
  • Gemini surfactants
  • Recovering surfactant
  • Nonionic surfactants
  • Polymeric surfactant
  • Copolymer surfactants
  • Comprising anionic surfactant polymeric nonionic surfactant and betaine surfactant
  • Anionic surfactants
  • Pulmonary surfactant
  • Enhanced alkylbenzene surfactant mixture
  • Nonirritating nonionic surfactant compositions
  • Cleavable, water-soluble surfactants

Plant & Turnkey providers

  • Manufacturing Plant from Delhi
  • Manufacturing Plant from Kenya
  • Manufacturing Plant from U.K
  • Turnkey solution providers from Argentina
  • Turnkey solution provider from Belgium
  • Turnkey solution provider from Delhi
  • Turnkey solution provider from Mumbai
  • Turnkey solution provider from U.S.A
  • Turnkey solution provider from Washington
  • List of Turnkey solution providers

Study

  • A review on experimental studies of surfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid
  • Surfactant mediated surface growth
  • Measurement of Amniotic Fluid Surfactant
  • Increased levels of surfactant protein A and D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in patients with bronchial asthma
  • An Experimental Study of Interaction between Surfactant and Particle Hydrogels
  • Effects of surfactant architecture and system parameters
  • A theoretical study of Gemini surfactant phase behavior
  • Surfactant Selection, Hydraulic Efficiency, and Economic Factors
  • Effect of a saponin-based surfactant on water absorption
  • Experimental study of a surfactant-driven fingering phenomenon in a Hele-Shaw cell
  • Biodegradation of Naphthalene in Aqueous Nonionic Surfactant Systems
  • An interesting hydrotropic surfactant
  • Adsorption Behavior of Surfactant Mixtures at Solid-Liquid Interface
  • An Adsorption–Desorption-Controlled Surfactant on a Deforming Droplet

Titration

  • Surfactant Titration
  • Manual for Surfactant Titration
  • Surfactant Titration of Kaolin Slurries using ζ-Potential Probe
  • Titration of Surfactants
  • Selected Applications for Surfactant Titration

MSDS

  • Wash Solution for Surfactants
  • Ad-Sorb 25
  • Poloxamer 181, Surfactant
  • Green-Root-Booster Surfactant
  • DOWFAX™ Anionic Surfactants
  • Agridex Non-Ionic Surfactant
  • AEROSOL+ OT 100%
  • Non-ionic Surfactant and Antifoaming Agent
  • Agricultural Soil Surfactant

Market

  • Surfactant Firms End A Tough Year
  • World Surfactant Market
  • The Surfactant Market
  • The Surfactants Market
  • Asia as a market leader surfactant
  • Surfactants: the ubiquitous amphiphiles
  • Taminco expands its capacity for the intermediate surfactants market
  • Surfactant markets await next bout of investments by South East Asia’s plantation owners
  • Global trends in speciality surfactants
  • Galaxy Surfactants Ltd
  • World Surfactant Market

Suppliers

  • Manufacturers of Surfactants
  • Suppliers of Surfactants
  • Wholesale suppliers of Surfactants
  • Surfactants Indian Suppliers
  • List of Indian Suppliers
  • Exporters of Surfactants

Company

  • Company from Africa
  • Company from Chennai
  • Company from China
  • Company from Denmark
  • Company from Europe
  • Company from India
  • Company from Maharashtra
  • Company1 from Mumbai
  • Company2 from Mumbai
  • Company from Philipines
  • Company from U.K
  • Company from U.S.A

Consultancy

  • Consultancy from Denmark
  • Consultancy from NewYork
  • Consultancy from Malaysia
  • List of Consultancies
  • Online consultancy

Products

  • Aerosol OT surfactant
  • Surfactant ion selective Electrode
  • List of products
  • Mortflo III
  • Speciality surfactant products

Production Technology

  • Soap manufacturing process
  • How shampoo is made
  • Natural and Synthetic Surfactants
  • Soap and Detergent manufacturing process
  • Soap and detergent manufacture
  • Microbial Production of Surfactants and Their Commercial Potential
  • Microbiological Production of Surfactant From Agricultural Residuals for IOR Application
  • Surfactant manufacturing
  • Soap and detergent manufacturing works
  • Surfactant production and use in Germany

Report

  • Squeezing of Oil-Swollen Surfactant Bilayers by a Membrane Protein
  • Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) Implementation Manual
  • The role of Surfactant Adsorption during Ultrasonication in the dispersion of Single-walled carbon nanotubes
  • Surfactant-Replacement Therapy for Respiratory Distress in the Preterm and Term Neonate
  • Surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation
  • Surfactant Protein Profile of Pulmonary Surfactant in Premature Infants
  • Phosphatidylglycerol in lung surfactant.
    Possible modifier of surfactant function
  • The Mesomorphic Phases of Surfactant Compositions
  • Altered stability of pulmonary surfactant in SP-C-deficient mice
  • Fiber coating with surfactant solutions
  • Determination of surface area by
    Surfactant adsorption in aqueous
    Suspension
  • Collective Motion of Surfactant-Producing Bacteria Imparts Super diffusivity to Their Upper Surface
  • A New Anionic Surfactant-Sensitive Potentiometric Sensor with
    a Highly Lipophilic Electroactive Material
  • A simplified treatment of surfactant effects on cloud drop activation
  • Gene Mutations in Newborns with Fatal Surfactant Deficiency

Synthesis

  • Upregulation of surfactant synthesis triggers ABCA1-mediated basolateral phospholipid efflux
  • Surfactant Synthesis and Kinetics in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Restoring Effects of Vitamin A on Surfactant Synthesis in Nitrofen-induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Rats
  • Novel Biomimetic Surfactant:
    Synthesis and Micellar Characteristics
  • Mucus and Surfactant Synthesis and
    Secretion by Cultured Hamster
    Respiratory Cells
  • Industrial Surfactant Syntheses
  • Defects in Surfactant Synthesis: Clinical Implications

Technology

  • The Strategy of Surfactant Analysis by HPLC
  • Screening Methods for Selection of Surfactant Formulations for IOR from Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
  • Adsorbent selection for anionic surfactant removal from water

Project

  • Soaps, Detergents, Surfactants, Cleaning Powder projects
  • Next Generation Surfactants for Improved Chemical Flooding Technology
  • Surfactant Flushing Remediation
    Citgo Petroleum Remediation Project
  • Surfactant Enhanced Water Flood Projects
  • Surfactant injection projects
  • Technology Practices Manual
    for Surfactants and Cosolvents

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