Pentetic Acid - DTPA
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• Pentetic acid or diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) is a polyamino carboxylic acid consisting of a diethylenetriamine backbone with five carboxymethyl groups. The molecule can be viewed as an expanded version of EDTA and it is used similarly.
• DTPA is a calcium (Ca-DTPA) or zinc salt (Zn-DTPA) that is used to perform medical imaging of the brain, kidneys, and lungs. It is can also be used to remove certain radioactive materials, except uranium or neptunium, from a person’s body.
• The conjugate base of DTPA has a high affinity for metal cations. Thus, the penta-anion DTPA5- is potentially an octadentate ligand. In contrast, EDTA possesses 6 centres to form coordination bonds with metals. The formation constants for its complexes are about 100 greater than those for EDTA.
• DTPA is capable of binding to certain radioactive materials and speed up the release of these materials in the urine, thus reducing the amount of internal contamination.
• As a chelating agent, DTPA wraps around a metal ion by forming up to eight bonds. Transition metals, however, usually have a limited coordination capacity and can form less than eight coordination bonds with ligands. So, after forming a complex with a metal, DTPA still has the ability to bind to other reagents, as is shown by its derivative pendetide.
• Like the more common EDTA, DTPA is mainly used for sequestering metal ions that otherwise decompose hydrogen peroxide, which is used to bleach pulp in paper making. Several million kilograms are produced for this purpose annually.
• DTPA is only available by injection and is not available in an oral (by mouth) form.
• DTPA may be injected directly into a vein in the arm or dripped into a vein from a bag (intravenously [IV]). Injection and IV drip are good ways of treating people who might have been internally contaminated by eating, drinking, or inhaling radioactive materials or who have contaminated wounds.
• In-CHX-A0-DTPA-labeled hu3S193 diabody and F(ab9)2 was also evaluated using a BALB/c nude mouse breast carcinoma xenograft model to ascertain their potential in targeting expressing solid tumors.
• CHX-A0-DTPA was added in a molar excess of 3:1 and incubated at room temperature overnight, protected from light.
• Excess unbound antibody was removed by dialysis for 8 h with 20 mM sodium acetate buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl (pH 6.4).
• The pathophysiology and altered alveolar transfer to Tc-99m-DTPA radioaerosol in the acute and chronic phase of BLM-injured lungs have been well characterized.
• Chelating agents, such as diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA), provide an indirect means of measuring total body storage iron.
• A close and apparently specific relationship was found between DTPA- chelatable body iron and
  mobilizable storage iron in patients with iron excess, enabling the size of the stores to be reliably predicted.
• Pentetic acids salts may be useful for enhancing removal of cobalt, einsteinium, lanthanum, nickel, promethium, scandium, strontium, ytterbium and yttrium but data are lacking and most of the data
  is from animal studies.

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