Ethylene Oxide                                                                     
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Information @ a Glance

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  • Ethylene oxide is a flammable, colorless gas.
  • The Ethylene oxide is highly reactive chemical and can react specially in the presence of a catalyst with compounds such as water, alcohols, ammonia, amines, and organic acids.
  • Ethylene oxide, the simplest of the cyclic ethers, is a colorless gas at room temperature and normal pressure .
  • Ethylene oxide has been produced commercially by two basic routes: From ethylene chlorohydrin, Direct oxidation process.
  • Ethylene oxide is produced by reacting ethylene with oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst.
  • Ethylene glycols are the most well known derivatives of ethylene oxide. These are produced by hydration of ethylene oxide; monoethylene oxide is the largest volume product, with diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol as co-products.
  • Ethylene oxide is a reactive chemical, and other derivatives it forms include ethanolamies on reaction with ammonia, which are used in gas processing, detergents and soaps and cement grinding.
  • Other derivatives of ethylene oxide include polyethylene glycols for cosmetics, lubricants and plasticisers, and ethoxylates for detergents and surfactants.
  • Ethylene oxide is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, including a combination of epidemiological and mechanistic investigations which indicate a causal relationship between exposure to ethylene oxide and human cancer.
  • Ethylene oxide is found in the production of solvents, antifreeze, textiles, detergents, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and pharmaceuticals.
  • It is also useful in fumigants, sterilants for spices and cosmetics, as well as during hospital sterilization of surgical equipment.
  • The major use of ethylene oxide is in the production of ethylene glycol. The primary end use for ethylene glycol is in the production of polyester polymers.
  • Ethylene oxide (EtO) is widely used by health care institutions as a sterilant because of its potency in destroying pathogens.
  • Ethylene oxide is used mainly as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of textiles, detergents, polyurethane foam, antifreeze, solvents, medicinal, adhesives, and other products.
  • Producers are expected to continue to invest in higher-value EO derivatives rather than marketing purified ethylene oxide.
  • The largest outlet for ethylene oxide was ethylene glycols, which represented 77% of total ethylene oxide consumption .
  • The second-largest outlet for ethylene oxide, at 9% of total consumption, is in surface-active agents, including primarily nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and detergent alcohol ethoxylates (AEs).
  • Demand growth in the US is expected to be much lower than the global average at 2.5%/year through to 2010.
  • Imports of ethylene oxide are relatively small, with amounts
    increasing from 4,300 kkg to 5,600 kkg.
  • The percentage of domestic ethylene oxide varies from 44% in western Europe, 63% in Japan and 73% in North America to 90% in the rest of Asia and 99% in the Middle East and Africa.
General Information
  • Ethylene oxide
  • Ethylene oxide FAQ
  • Ethylene Oxide Fact Sheet
  • Ethylene Oxide Question and Answers
  • Ethylene Oxide and Glycols
  • Ethylene Oxide Derivatives

Company Profiles

  • Company from New York
  • Company from Gujarat
  • Company from Texas
  • Company from USA
  • US Company from Queensbury

Consultants

  • Consultant from London
  • Consultant from USA
  • Consultant from Australia
  • Consultant from Scotland
  • Consultant from California

Plant

  • Plant from Malaysia
  • Plant from Europe
  • Plant from Russia
  • Plant from Netherlands
  • International Plant
  • Plant from Australia

Production

  • Ethylene Oxide Production
  • ChE 456-Spring 2002-Major 2-Ethylene Oxide Production
  • Material Balances Ethylene Oxide Production
  • Energy Balances and Numerical Methods Spring 2002- Production of Ethylene Oxide
  • Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Thermodynamics-Production of Ethylene Oxide
  • Separations and Reaction Engineering-Ethylene Oxide Production
  • Ethylene to Ethylene oxide Production

Process

  • Ethylene Oxide Sterilant Alternatives
  • Process Analysis Instrumentation of Ethylene Oxide Plants
  • Heat Exchanger Design in an Ethylene Oxide Plant
  • Manufacture of Ethylene Oxide
  • Ethylene Oxide Process Monitoring
  • Overview of a Typical Ethylene Oxide Medical Device Sterilization Facility
  • Ethylene Oxide - Oxygen Based Process
  • Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Sterilization Process

Application

  • Applications of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Drug Delivery Systems
  • Use of ethylene oxide in the sol–gel synthesis of a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles from Fe(III) salts
  • Evaluation of the Potential Use of Poly(ethylene oxide) as Tablet- and Extrudate-Forming Material
  • Ethylene Oxide Use
  • The use of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Hydrogels as immobilization matrics for yeast cells

Quality Standards

  • Ethylene Oxide Emissions Standards for Sterilization Facilities
  • Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Sterilizers
  • Locating and Estimating Air Emission from Sources of Ethylene Oxide
  • Ethylene Oxide Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) for Sterilizers and Aerators
  • Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047); Extension of the Office of Management of Budget's (OMB) Approval of Information-Collection (Paperwork) Requirements. - 65:35127-35128
  • Evaluating OSHA’s Ethylene Oxide Standard: Exposure Determinants in Massachusetts Hospitals
Technology
  • Environmental Technology Verification Projects Related to Air and Energy
  • Replacing Ethylene Oxide and Glutaraldehyde
  • Portable gas chromatograph (GC) with photoionization detector
  • Ethylene Oxide Successfully removed from Overturned tank car
  • Protocol for the verification tests on ethylene oxide treatment technology

Health and Safety Issues

  • Human Health Effects - Ethylene Oxide
  • Massachusetts Chemical Fact Sheet - Ethylene Oxide
  • Proposed Maximum Residue Limits and Maximum Levels of Exposure - Ethylene Oxide
  • NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
  • Toxicological Profile for Ethylene Oxide
  • The Safe use of Ethylene Oxide in Sterilization/Fumigation Processes
  • Ethylene Oxide Health and Safety Guide

Project

  • Celanese Clearlake Ethylene Oxide Reactor Revamp
  • Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Re-Registration Project
  • Ethylene Oxide Separation Design
  • Ethylene Oxide Purification
  • Reduction of Ethylene Oxide Potential Exposures

Material Safety Data Sheet

  • Ethylene Oxide
  • Ethylene Oxide Safety Data Sheet
  • Rodeo TM Saddle Soap
  • Safety data for ethylene oxide
  • Substance safety data sheet for ethylene oxide

Patent

  • Ethylene oxide catalyst
  • Grafted poly (ethylene oxide) compositions
  • Method of Manufacturing of Ethylene Oxide
  • Flushable poly (ethylene oxide) Films with balanced mechanical properties
  • Production of Ethylene Oxide

Report

  • Men assigned to ethylene oxide production or other ethylene oxide related chemical manufacturing: a mortality study
  • Priority Substances List Assessment Report - Ethylene Oxide
  • An Investigation of Symptoms in Ethylene Oxide Sterilization Workers in Hospitals
  • Detection of Interstellar Ethylene Oxide (c-C2H.O)
  • Engo Report on Ethylene Oxide
  • Hazard Assessment Report - Ethylene oxide

Market

  • Demand For Ethylene Glycol And Ethylene Oxide Will Grow By Robust 6.5- 7 % A Year
  • Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol
  • Ethylene Oxide -  Production, Import, Use and Disposal
  • Ethylene Oxide
  • World consumption of ethylene oxide
  • Ethylene Oxide (EO) Uses and Market Data

Suppliers

  • Exporters of Ethylene Oxide
  • Ethylene Oxide Suppliers
  • Manufacturers/ Suppliers of Ethylene Oxide
 

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