- Bismuth is a
chemical element that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. This
heavy, brittle, white crystalline trivalent poor metal has a pink tinge
and chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Of all the metals, it is
the most naturally diamagnetic, and only mercury has a lower thermal
conductivity.
- Bismuth is rarely
found in nature in its elemental form. It is a white, crystalline,
brittle metal with a pinkish tinge. It occurs in a native state. Bismuth
is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is
lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a high electrical
resistance, and has the highest Hall effect of any metal.The most
important ores are bismuthinite or bismuth glance and bismite. Peru,
Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are major bismuth producers. Much of
the bismuth produced in the U.S. is obtained as a by-product in refining
lead, copper, tin, silver, and gold ores.
- Bismuth is recovered
mainly during the smelting of copper and lead ores. Bismuth-containing
dust from copper smelting operationss is
transferred to lead smelting
operations for recovery. At lead smelting operations, bismuth is
recovered by one of two processes: the Betterton-Kroll Process and the
Betts Electrolytic Process. Bismuth can also be re covered from other
bismuth -bearing materials.
- "Bismanol" is a
permanent magnet of high coercive force, made of MnBi, by the U.S. Naval
Surface Weapons Center. Bismuth expands 3.32% on solidification. This
property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp
castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other
metals such as tin, cadmium, etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys
which are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and
extinguishing systems.
- Bismuth is used in
producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making
acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue
flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a
thermocoupling material, and has found application as a carrier for 235U
or 233U fuel in nuclear reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by
forming unsoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property
sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used
extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used
in medicine.
- Bismuth is also
quite inert and scientifically recognized as one of the safest and most
benign metals, making it ideally suited for numerous pharmaceuticals,
medicines, and cosmetics. The annual bismuth market is in excess
of 10,000 tonnes and recent growth (approximately 15%) has been
constrained almost entirely by a lack of supply resulting in increases
in price to more than US$8.00/lb.
- The price of bismuth
remained fairly steady during the first quarter of 2006 finishing the
quarter within a range of $4.45 to $4.70 per pound; the price drifted
lower during the second quarter, ending the quarter at $4.20 to $4.50
per pound; the price rose somewhat in the third quarter, ending the
quarter at $4.60 to $4.80 per pound. The estimated annual average
bismuth price rose about 13% above that for 2005.
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General Introduction
- Bismuth
- The Mineral
Bismuth
- Bismuth -
Sources
- Bismuth - General
Information
- Notable characteristics
- Bismuth
Element
- Description
and Isolation
Material Safety Data
Sheet
- Bismuth
Bronze
- Bismuth
Carbonate
- Bismuth
Nitrate
- Bismuth
Oxychloride
- Bismuth
Sulfate
- Bismuth
Telluride
Bismuth
Processing
- Generalized Process
Description
- Bismuth precursors
for atomic layer deposition of bismuth containing oxide films
- Laboratory-Scale
Bismuth Phosphate Extraction Process
- Bismuth Presentation
and Packaging
- Radiochemistry of
Bismuth
- The
Bismuth-Phosphate Process
Patent
- Lubricating
compositions containing bismuth compounds
- Bismuth Containing
Pharmaceutical Compositions
- Bismuth
compounds
- Corrosion -
Resistant Bismuth Brass
- Method for Forming
Triniobium Tin Superconductor with Bismuth
- Refining of
Bismuth
- Process for the
chemical preparation of bismuth telluride
Technology
- Research and
Technology in 2003
- Research and
Technology in 2004
- Nanophase Technologies Announces Commercial
Availability of Nanocrystalline bismuth oxide
- Nuclear
Technology
- Summary of the Plans
for the ISTC Lead/Bismuth Target
Production
- Bismuth Production
in 2003
- Bismuth Production
in 2004
- Bismuth Production
in 2005
- Bismuth Production
and Consumption in 2005
- Bismuth in the Third
Quarter 2006
- Bismuth in the Four
Quarter 2006
- Bismuth Production
in 2006
- Bismuth Production
in 2007
- Bismuth in the First
Quarter 2007
- Production in
Canada
- Bismuth
Statistics
Market
- Bismuth End - Use
Statistics
- Bismuth
Market
- Bismuth price
bounces back to $6-$6.25 per lb
- US bismuth market
quiet, prices ease
- Metal
Markets
Plant
Details
- Mining Technology
- Hanford
Site
- Mexican Mining
Industry
- Mining
Industry
- Sikkim Mining Corporation
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Company Profiles
- A&M
Group
- Doe Run Peru
- Fortune Minerals
Limited
- Mining and Chemical
Products Limited
- Peņoles
- Sidech
- Teck Cominco Limited
Projects and
Cost
- Auzex
Projects
- NICO project
- Statements of
Income
- Cost
- Bismuth project
- Synthesis of Bismuth
Telluride Nanowires
Consultants
- Andrew
Zelar
- Experts
- Independent Mining
Consultants, Inc
- Professor Nalan KABAY
- Neil
Burford
Reports
- ISIS Experimental
Report
- Fortune Minerals
Limited - Annual Report 2006
- Health Effects
- Bismuth Uptake in
Rat Testicular Macrophages
- Femto second Lattice
Dynamics in Photoexcited Bismuth
- Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Teck Cominco Limited
- Annual Report 2006
Applications and
Uses
- Effect of Bismuth
Addition on Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of
Zinc Titanate Ceramics
- Gastro Bismuth Oral
Uses
- Effect of Bismuth on
the Isothermal Fatigue Properties of Sn-3.5mass%Ag solder
alloy
- Bismuth Chemical
Applications
- Determination of
Bismuth in Urine and Prescription Medicines
- Bismuth
Uses
- Nuclear
Energy
- Determination of
Bismuth using On-line Preconcentration
- Applications
- Effect of Bismuth
Subgallate on Wound Healing in Rats
Suppliers and
Buyers
- Bismuth Citrate
Manufacturers & Suppliers
- Bismuth Ingot
Suppliers
- Bismuth
Manufacturers
- Bismuth Oxide
Manufacturers
- Bismuth
Suppliers
- Bismuth Subnitrate
Suppliers
- Suppliers of
Bismuth
- Bismuth Triphenyl
- Buyers
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