- Lithium is an alkali metal,
and like all the other alkali metals, it reacts spontaneously with
water, liberating hydrogen gas.
- Lithium is the lightest of
all metals, with a density only about half that of water. It does not
occur free in nature; combined it is found in small amounts in nearly
all igneous rocks and in the waters of many mineral springs.
- Lithium minerals occur
mainly in granitic pegmatites. Spodumene, a lithium-aluminum silicate,
and naturally occurring lithium-containing brines are the main sources
of lithium.Lithium is most commonly extracted from spodumene.
- It is used as a desgasifier
and refining agent for molten metals and in the production of copper and
its alloys.
- The lithium fluoride is used
in the manufacturing of prisms and infrared spectrophotometers and it is
used in the production of enamels. The lithium chloride and bromide can
be used as drying agents and are also used as lubricants. One of the
most imp ortant applications of this element is in the reagent
preparation for organic synthesis, in particular of the complex hydrides
of aluminum and boron, with widespread applications.
- Lithium salts can be used to
suppress alkali-silica reactions in concrete.
- Today, lithium is
administered to patients as a lithium salt, usually as lithium carbonate
or lithium citrate, which is taken by mouth in capsule, tablet, or syrup
form. Pharmaceutical companies often assign a "trade name" to their
products. Examples of trade names for lithium are Cibalith, Eskalith,
Lithane, and Lithobid.
- It is also an important
battery anode material, used in lithium ion batteries due to its high
electrochemical potential. In addition to being lighter than the
standard dry cell, these batteries produce a higher voltage (3 volts
versus 1.5 volts).
- Chile, China and the United
States are the world’s leading producers of lithium ore and brine. Other
significant producers include Argentina, Brazil, Australia,
Portugal,Russia and Zimbabwe.
- The United States is the
largest producer and consumer of lithium minerals and compounds
worldwide.In Canada, lithium is primarily consumed by the aluminum
industry as lithium carbonate.
- Prices of lithium carbonate
rose by 20% in 2005 and growth of up to 25% is forecast by Roskill
Consulting Group for 2006, bringing prices back to the peak levels seen
prior to SQM's entry into the market in 1996. New capacity due on-stream
in Chile, Argentina and China is forecast to alleviate the upward
pressure on prices after 2007.
- China may emerge as a
significant producer of brine-based lithium carbonate towards the end of
this decade. Potential capacity of up to 45,000 tonnes per year could
come on-stream if projects in Qinghai province and Tibet proceed.
- Portable electronic consumer
products will remain the main area of growth for secondary batteries
through 2010, with shipments to the Asian cellular phone market alone
estimated to rise by 50%py and growth rates in Russia and Poland
reaching 70%py.
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General
Introduction
- Lithium - Basic
Features
- Chemical Fact Sheet
- Lithium
- Lithium - Medications
- Description
- Basic Information
- Chemical properties of
lithium
- Lithium Drug
Mineral
Sources
- Amblygonite
- Lepidolite
- Lithium minerals
- Lithium Sources
- Spodumene Ore
Technology
- ORNL's thin film lithium technology
- Technology Overview
- Advanced Phosphate-Based
Active Materials
- Cold Neutron Depth Profiling
of Lithium Battery Materials
- New Thin Film Lithium
Technology
- Using Advanced Lithium
Technology to Combat ASR in Concrete.
- Current Lithium
Technology
- Performance Evaluation and
Degradation Mechanism of Lithium Ion Batteries
- Operating principles of
lithium ion rechargeable batteries Operating principles
Lithium
Extraction and Processing
- Changes in the mechanism of
lithium extraction
- Toward New Technologies for
the Production of Lithium
- Extraction of Lithium from
Lithium Containing Materials
- Multi-cycle operations for
Lithium Extraction-insertion
- Process for Producing
Lithium Concentrate From Brine or Seawater
- Cyclical vacuum chlorination
processes, including lithium extraction
- Lithium Production
- Method and apparatus for
extracting lithium
- Lithium Chloride from
Lepidolite
Machinery
- Battery Making
Machinery
- Winding Device.
- Power
Anlyser units
- Rechargeable Battery Winding
Machine
- Moisture Control In Lithium
Battery Rooms
- Kokam Co., Ltd
Products
- Averstortm Lithium - Metal -
Polymer Batteries
- Lithium Powder
- Lithium Products
- Lithium Chemical Product
Line
- Lithium AA Batteries
- Premium Lithium
Grease
- Milwaukee V28 Lithium Ion
Products
-
Consultants
- Cambridge Consultants
- Huret Associates ,
Inc
- Experts
- Jerry Barker
Consultants
- PMBL Ltd
- TRU
Safety
Guidelines
- Lithium and Pregnancy
- MSDS
- Safety Issues Related to
Liquid Metals
- The Safety of Lithium-based
Chemistry
- Lithium Safety
Information
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Market
- Consumption and Uses
- Demand for lithium
- Lithium Production
- Lithium Production in
2001
- Consumption data for the
years 1971–2004
- Evaluating New Directions
for the Lithium Market
- Yearend Average Lithium
Price
- Lithium supply & demand
- Reflections on Investing in the Future of
Lithium
- Lithium World
Developments
- Robust exports buoy lithium
battery production
Plant
- Lithium Plant
- Novosibirsk Chemical
Concentrates Plant
- European Fusion Power Plant
Studies
- G&P Batteries
- Power Plant
- Remaining Contents of
Lithium Ion Battery Manufacturing Plant
Company
Profiles
- FMC Corporation
- Lithium Technology
Corporation
- Sons of Gwalia LTD
- Batrec
- Ganfeng
Lithium Co., Ltd
- Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.
- Sudershan Laboratories
Limited
Projects
- Giant Crystal Project
- FMC Lithium Processing Plant
Rebuild
- Research Projects
- An Eye on Lithium
Batteries
- Lithium Ferrate and Lithium
Cobaltate Cathodes for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
- Lithium Batteries for
Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
- Battery Capacity Measurement
And Analysis Using Lithium Coin Cell Battery
- NIOSH Reconstruction
Project
- Liquid Lithium Stripper
Films and Windowless Target
- A Motorbike Without
Fuel
Reports
- Case Study
- Airborne survey seeks
kimberlites
- Mechanism of lithium
insertion-extraction in metallophosphates with olivine-like
structure
- Lithium and the kidney
scare
- Report on Activities
- Final Report on Lithium
Batteries
- Thermal contact to lithium
metal
Applications
and Uses
- Alternative uses of lithium
in psychiatry
- Thin Film Lithium Battery
and Process
- Lithium pharmacology
- Grease Manufacturing
Process
- Psychiatric Uses of Lithium
for Children and Adolescents
- Applications
- Lithium battery
- Rechargeable Lithium Battery
Construction
- Lithium's Uses
- Uses of Lithium in Patients
Without Major Affective Illness
- Uses
- The Impact of
Lithium-Metal-Polymer Battery
- Lithium-Ion Advantages for
Medical Products
Suppliers and
Buyers
- Lithium Products
Manufacturers & Suppliers
- Lithium
Manufacturers
Lithium Product Sellers
- Lithium Products and
Suppliers
- Lithium Metal
Suppliers
- Lithium Suppliers
- Buyers
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