- A
light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits
incoherent narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in the
forward direction of the p-n junction. This effect is a form of
electroluminescence. An LED is usually a small area source,
often with extra optics added to the chip that shapes its
radiation pattern. The color of the emitted light depends on the
composition and condition of the semi conducting material used,
and can be infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet.
- Blue LEDs
are based on the wide band gap semiconductors GaN (gallium
nitride) and InGaN (indium gallium nitride). They can be added
to existing red and green LEDs to produce the impression of
white light, though white LEDs today rarely use this principle.
Ultraviolet LEDs are becoming available on the market, in a
range of wavelengths. Most "white" LEDs in production today are
based on an InGaN-GaN structure, and emit blue light of
wavelengths between 450 nm and 470 nm blue Ga.
-
Originally, LEDs were available in three colors: Red, Green, and
Amber (Blue could not be produced), but were typically used for
indoor systems because of intensity and durability limitations
for use outdoors. As technology improved manufacturers were able
to produce displays that had the intensity and long life
required for outdoor use, but were limited in viewing angle.
- First
there was Liquid Crystal Display technology (LCD) then there was
plasma, then Surface-conduction Electron-emitter (SED). Now
these three are about to be joined by a fourth flat screen
technology, one that has the potential of being the roll-up,
wallpaper screen of fiction. It's called OLED or Organic Light
Emitting Diode technology and it promises to revolutionize
almost everything that uses displays from cell phones, PDAs and
keyboards, to computer monitors and HDTVs.
- Organic
light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are challenging liquid crystal
displays (LCDs) as one of the most promising nextgeneration
flat-panel displays because of their ease of manufacturing, all
solid state design, faster switching speed and being
self-emitting with wider viewing angle. The basic structure of
the OLED consists of a pair of electrodes and multilayers of
organic materials.
- LEDs were
developed during the post-World War II era; during the war there
was a potent interest in materials for light and microwave
detectors. A variety of semiconductor materials were developed
during this research effort, and their light interaction
properties were investigated in some detail. It became clear
that the same materials that were used to detect light could
also be used to generate light.
As far as the low brightness (InGaN) LED market is concerned, we
estimate that Stanley Electric and Osram Opto Semiconductors
dominate the global automotive market. Nichia is also starting
to enter this market. For high brightness LEDs, Osram Opto
Semiconductors has around 60% of the global market followed by
Nichia with about 30%.
- As the
cost of LEDs has fallen, carmakers have switched from fitting
CHMSLs with bulbs to LEDs. In North America, however, about 42%
of all CHMSLs are fitted with an array of LEDs. Due to tumbling
costs, manufacturers are gradually switching to LED CHMSLs.
Using LED dies supplied by Nichia, Citizen Electronics has
developed white LED packages that the company claims are the
thinnest ever, in sizes ranging from 0.55 to 1 mm
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General
Information
-
Light-emitting diode
- LED and
fiber optics
- LED
General Information
- LED
- LED lamp
- Function
Products
-
SSL - Solid State Lighting spanning the
visible spectrum
- White LED
Products
- LED
Displays, Bulbs and Panels
- LED
Illuminated Electric Handle
- LED
Products
-
Luxem Lamp HB LED
-
Luxeonฎ LEDs & Products
-
Novelty Items
- Round LED
Lamp
- Hyperion
LED Lamps
- LED
Traffic Signal Modules
- Cree
Launches XLamp LED Product Line
Technology
- Imprint
Lithography Advances in LED Manufacturing
- LED
Lighting Controller integrates with Ethernet Interface
- LED
Assemblies Manufacturing Technologies
- Technology
Challenges
-
Fundamentals of Light Emitting Diode Technology
-
OLED TV - An Emerging Technology
Patent
- LED Array
and LED Module
- LED Lamp
Construction
- LED Head
- High power
LED
- LED
Illuminator
- LED and
LED Lamp
- LED Lamp
and LED Lamp Manufacturing Method
- Light
Mixing Package
- LED Lamp
Package for Packaging an LED Driver with an LED
- LED Lamp
Manufacturing Process
- LED
Flashlight with Replaceable LED
- LED and
LED Light Source
Circuits
-
60 Watt Lamp
- Ultra
Bright LED Lamp
- Dimmer
- Home Built
LED Lighting
- White LED
Head Lamp
-
LED Lamp
Manufacturing process
- Silicon
Carbide Light Emitting Diode Fabrication and Characterization
-
Fabrication of Gallium Nitride Micro-Cavity Light Emitting
Diodes
-
High-density organic light emitting diodes by nanoimprint
technology
- LEDs
- Design and
Characterization of Organic Light Emitting Diodes with
Microcavity Structure
- Novel
cathode structure for light-emitting diodes
- Organic
Light Emitting Diodes
- Electronic
Paper
- Light
Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for General Illumination
-
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) manufacturing process
- Bulk
Ammonia Supply Solutions for LED Manufacturing
- White
organic light-emitting diodes prepared by a fused organic solid
solution method
Plant
Details
- Innovation
leader Horsch
opens new plant
-
Manufacturing plant
-
- Ness
Display Sets Up Manufacturing Facility
- Texas
Instruments Builds Chip-Fab Plant
- Universal
Display, Novaled Announce Development of Record-Breaking Red
PHOLED Devices
- Yonezawa
Plant Outline
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Projects
- Low Cost,
High Efficiency Chip Scale LED Lamp
- Light
Emitting Diode (Lighting Systems)
- Led
Moonlighting Project
- Inorganic
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Developments and Applications in
Japan
-
Rensselaer-Led Project To Improve Traffic Management Garners
National Recognition
-
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Traffic Signal Retrofit Project
Market
- Analyst
Identifies 'Critical Crossroads' for LED Market
- Displays
and consumer electronics borrow from nature
- The global
automotive exterior LED market
- LED market
lights up
- Bright
future for OLEDs, report predicts
- OLED
Investment
- IFC
project stimulates LED market for off-grid lighting
-
White LED lamp
market brightens
Machinery
- Die Bonder
- Plastic
Injection Molding Machine
-
Microscopes
- Optomistic
Products
- Bonder
Machines
Raw
Materials
- Gallium
Arsenide Wafers
- Ammonia
Suppliers
- Diamond
Suppliers
-
Gallium Suppliers
- Germanium
Suppliers
- Germanium
Manufacturers
-
Kyma Technologies Offers Gallium Nitride
and Aluminum Nitride Template Product Line
- Lead
Sulphide Suppliers
- Nitrogen
Suppliers
- Nitrogen
Suppliers from India
- Sapphire
Suppliers
- Zinc
selenide Suppliers
- Silicon
Suppliers
- Silicon
Carbide Supplies
- Silicone
suppliers
- Tellurium
Suppliers
- Tellurium
Manufacturers
- Ammonia -
Suppliers in the UK
- Zinc
Selenide Manufacturers
Company
Profiles
- Chinese
Company
- California
Company
- American
Company
- Italian
Company
- UK Company
- USA
Company
- Indian
Company
-
Lucky Light
- Japanese
Company
- Company
from China
- Taiwan
Company
- LED
Manufacturer
- Missouri
Company
- Another
Company from China
Manufacturers and Suppliers
- LED
Manufacturers
- Global
manufacturers of a wide range of Standard LEDs and
Optoelectronics
- LED Lamps
Suppliers
- LED Lamp
Manufacturers
- Chinese
Suppliers
- LED
Manufacturers' Web Sites
-
Photodiodes & Detectors
Report
- Energy
Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting
Applications
-
Lightscape Technologies to Introduce New LED Products at Hong
Kong International Lighting Fair 2007
- Market
Assessment
-
Grote Industries Partners with Henkel for Advanced LED Lighting
Solution
-
Seoul Semiconductor Unveils LED at 420
Lumens
- Cree and
Raleigh, North Carolina, Launch Nations First LED City with
Cost-Saving Municipal Lighting
- LED
Lighting for cavers
- Technology
Assessment of Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
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