- Cytokines
are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by
the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of
the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used
extensively in intercellular communication.
- Cytokines
can be classified as proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins; the
term "cytokine" encompasses a large and diverse family of
regulators produced throughout the body by cells of diverse
embryological origin.
- Cytokines have
been classed as lymphokines, interleukins, and chemokines, based
on their presumed function, cell of secretion, or target of
action.
- Cytokines
are small secreted proteins which mediate and regulate immunity,
inflammation, and hematopoiesis.
- Cytokines
and their receptors exhibit very high affinity for each other.
- Cytokines
regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by
stimulating or inhibiting the activation, proliferation, and/or
differentiation of various cells and by regulating their
secretion of Abs or other cytokines.
- Cytokines
are peptides that have a fundamental role in communication
within the immune system and in allowing the immune system and
host tissues cells to exchange information.
- Immune
function depends on the biologic activities of numerous small
glycoprotein messengers, termed cytokines.
- Cytokines
are made by many cell populations, but the predominant producers
are helper T cells (Th) and macrophages.
- Cytokines
play an important role in the understanding and treatment of
diseases in many medical specialties.
- Cytokines/immunocytokines,
were initially used to separate the immunomodulatory proteins,
also called immunotransmitters, from other growth factors that
modulate proliferation and bioactivities of non-immune cells.
- Some cytokines are
produced by a rather limited number of different cell types
while others are produced by almost the entire spectrum of known
cell types.
- Cytokines evolved
from the earliest forms as intracellular molecules before the
appearance of receptors and signaling cascades.
- Cytokine-like
activities have been demonstrated in invertebrates such as star
fish and Drosophilia, where they played an essential role in
host defense and repair.
- Inflammation is
mediated by a variety of soluble factors, including a group of
secreted polypeptides known as cytokines.
- Inflammatory
cytokines can be divided into two groups: those involved in
acute inflammation and those responsible for chronic
inflammation.
- Cytokines are a
heterogeneous group of biologically active proteins or
glycoproteins which regulate cell growth, differentiation and
other functions.
- They are soluble
(non-antibody) mediators which are active in very small
quantities.
- The roles of
cytokines in health and disease are likely to be complex.
- In general,
measurable amounts of cytokines are rarely found in body fluids
of healthy individuals.
- Cytokines are
highly pharmacologically active and thus may be effective agents
for modifying biological responses.
- The clinical
utility of protein-drugs, cytokines in particular, is generally
low largely due to their short half-life in circulation.
- Cytokines are
small, mostly secreted proteins that were originally
characterized as immune modulators but have subsequently been
found to mediate a diverse array of functions in nonimmune
tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS).
- Cytokines are
proteins of low molecular mass produced by leukocytes.
- Cytokine
production occurs in short bursts during the effector phase of
the immune or inflammatory response.
- Cytokines are
pleotrophic proteins that coordinate the host response to
infection as well as mediate normal,
ongoing signaling between cells of nonimmune tissues, including
the nervous system.
- Recently,
fluorescent anti-cytokine and anti-chemokine monoclonal
antibodies have become very useful for the intracellular
staining and multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of
individual cytokine-producing cells within mixed cell
populations.
- Cytokines act as
messengers both within the immune system and between the immune
system and other systems of the body, forming an integrated
network that is highly evolved in the regulation of immune
responses.
- The current market
for protein drugs, including cytokines, is valued at over US$30
billion per year and includes Erythropoetin (EPO) at over US$1.5
million per year, Colony Stimulating Factors (GCSF) at over
US$1.3 billion per year and Interleukin-2 at US$300 million per
year.
- In Previous Years,
US sales of cytokines grew to $3.8 billion, largely driven by
steep price increases.
- Four kinds of
cytokines are currently available: interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β,
IFN-γ and the interleukins.
- IFN-β brands,
indicated for multiple sclerosis (MS), are the biggest sellers
in the cytokines markets, constituting 76% of the total sales of
this sector.
- Cytokines and
growth factor related products in the multiplexed bead array
market may represent approximately 60-70% of product revenues.
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General
Information
- Cytokine
General Information
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Cytokines and inflammation and how they
influence depression and various medical diseases
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Function of Cytokines
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Cytokines
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Properties of Cytokines
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A Primer on Cytokines: Sources, Receptors,
Effects, and Inducers
Production
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Calcitriol and calcium
regulate cytokine production and adipocyte
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Alterations in
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cytokine Production in
Response to Phytohemagglutinin in
Multiple Sclerosis Patients
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Cytokine production
and modulation
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Psychological Stress,
Cytokine Production, and Severity of Upper Respiratory Illness
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Modulation of
Inflammation and Cytokine Production by
Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids
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Inflammatory Cytokine
Production Predominates in Early Lyme Disease in Patients with
Erythema Migrans
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Modulation of
cytokines production, granzyme B and perforin in murine CIK
cells by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides
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Production and
Function of Cytokines in Natural and Acquired Immunity to
Candida albicans Infection
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Activation of
monocytes and cytokine production in
patients with peripheral atherosclerosis obliterans
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Production and Quality
Control of Cytokine Products
derived by Biotechnological Processes
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Cytokine Production
Regulating Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Hemophagocytic
Lymphohistiocytosis
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Detecting
intracellular cytokines in activated monocytes
Functions
- The Acute
Effects of Systemic Cytokines on Peripheral Nerve Function in
Humans
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Detecting
intracellular cytokines in activated lymphocytes
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Development, cytokine
profile and function of human
interleukin 17
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Effects of
Adipocyte-Derived Cytokines on Endothelial Functions
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Historical insights
into cytokines
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Cytokines in acute and
chronic inflammation
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Novel Function of TNF
Cytokines in Regulating Bone Marrow B Cell Survival
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Structure and function
of cytokines receptors
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Cytokines in immune
function and sleep regulation
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The Role of T Helper 2
Cytokines and their Receptors
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Combination of Two
Cytokine Inhibitors Reduces Nucleus Pulposus
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Influence of cytokine
inhibitors on concentration and activity of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in
disc herniation
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Combination benefit of
traetment with the cytokine inhibitors interleukin receptor
antagonist and PEGylated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor
type I in animal models of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Studies
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Low levels of
circulating inflammatory cytokines
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Cytokines and liver
regeneration after partial portal vein ligation in porcine
experimental model
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In Vitro Study Of
Cytokine-mediated Activation of Endothelial Cell Permeability
Using BD Falcon™ Cell Culture Inserts
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Cytokines and NASH: A
Pilot Study of the Effects of
Lifestyle Modification and Vitamin E
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Role of cytokines in
experimental arthritis
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A Preliminary Study of
Cytokines in Suicidal
and Nonsuicidal Adolescents with Major Depression
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Cytokine kinetics
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In vivo studies on
cytokine involvement during acute viral respiratory disease of
swine
Patent
- Cytokine
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Hybrid cytokines
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Cytokine design
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Cytokine binding
domain of cytokine receptors
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Human cytokine
receptor
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Mouse cytokine
receptor
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Cytokine restraining
agents
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Mammalian cytokine
complexes
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Purified cytokine
inhibitory factor
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Method for measuring
endogenous cytokines
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Inhibition of cytokine
production
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Cytokine Inhibitors
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Use of cytokine
inhibitors
Company Profiles
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Company from
California
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Company from Florida
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Company from Germany
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Company from New
Jersey
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Company from US
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Another company from
California
Consultancy
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Consultant from
Germany
- Consultant
from Germany
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Consultant from
Germany
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Consultant from USA
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Consultant from USA
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Consultant from UK
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Consultant from UK
Guide
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Cytokine Assay
Instruction Manual
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Cytokine ELISA Trouble
Shooting Guide
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BD Cytometric Bead
Array
(CBA) Human Inflammatory
Cytokines Kit
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Intracellular cytokine
staining resource guide
Presentations
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Introduction to
cytokines
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Cytokines and Thelper
subsets
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Cytokines and Chemokines
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Cytokines- essential
to cell-cell communication
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Cytokines study
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Analysis
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Identification of
Cytokine SNPs Using LightCycler
Hybridization Probes and Melting Curve Analysis
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Analysis and isolation
of cytokine secreting cells
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Differential cytokine
profiles in juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes revealed by
cluster analysis
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A Cytokine Analysis of
the Effect of Cell Saver on Blood in Coronary Bypass Surgery
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Immunofluorescent
Staining of Intracellular Cytokines for Flow Cytometric Analysis
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Multiplex Analysis of
Cytokines in Exhaled
Breath Condensate
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Analysis of TH1 and
TH2 cytokine production in
low grade B cell gastric MALT-type lymphomas
stimulated in vitro with Helicobacter pylori
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Analysis of Cytokine
Dynamics in Corneal Allograft Rejection
Application
- Cytokines
in cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapy
- Design
and application of a cytokinereceptor- based interaction trap
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Measurement of protein
cytokines in tissue extracts by
enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays
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The Application of Cytokine
Therapy Following TKI
Failure
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Cytokines may be associated with Cognitive
Function in Heart Failure
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The role of cytokines in both the normal
and malignant ovary
- The
Role of Pro-infl ammatory
Cytokines in Memory Processes and Neural Plasticity
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Detection of Intracellular Cytokines in T
Lymphocytes using the BD FastImmune™ Assay on the BD FACSVerse™
System
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Cytokines and anti-cytokines as
therapeutics — An update
Technology
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Multiplexed cytokine
measurements using protein microarray technology
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Novel Method of
Monitoring Trace Cytokines and Activated STAT Molecules in the
Paws of Arthritic Mice using Multiplex Bead Technology
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Cytokine Detection In
Culture Media Containing 10% FBS – A Comparison Of Two
Commonly Used Homogeneous High Throughput Assay Technologies
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Accurate Multiplex
Cytokine Assay Developed with VeraCode® Technology
Product
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Cytokine Stabilization
buffer
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CellGro® GMP Cytokines
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SOCS-3 (human) (rec.)
(His)
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Cytokine Data Sheet
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Human Cytokine 30-Plex
Panel
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MACS GMP Cytokines
- TaqMan®
Cytokine Gene
Expression Plate I
Material
Safety Data Sheet
- Product Line
BExxxxx
Cytokines / Adhesion Molecules ELISA
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Cytokine Stabilization Buffer
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Cytokine Genotyping Products
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Evidence Cytokine Array IV Test Kit
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Pharmacology of Cytokines
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Cytokine Array III (Evidence)
Effects
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Behavioral Effects of
Cytokines
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Effects of cytokines
and infections on brain neurochemistry
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Differential Cytokine
Effects on Primitive (CD34+CD38 -)
Human Hematopoietic Cells
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Effects of cytokines
on mycobacterial phagosome maturation
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Complex cytokine
effects in a complex autoimmune disease
- Effects of growth
factors and
cytokines on osteoblast
differentiation
Market
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Executive Summary
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Cytokines and Growth
Factors: A Market Study
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What’s fueling the
biotech engine—2009–2010
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Positive Study Results
with Drug Compound MP1031 Promise New Therapeutic Options
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Chemical Synthesis and
Engineering of
Cytokines of Potential Therapeutic Interest
- An
evaluation of cytokine capture nanoparticle technology: Stepping
from bench space in to potential markets
Report
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Connecting cytokines
and brain -current issues
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Modulation of Cytokine
Expression by Traditional Medicines
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Cytokines and
Cognition
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Cytokines and CNS
Development
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A Pilot Study of
Combined Suicide/Cytokine Gene
Therapy in Two Patients with End-Stage Anaplastic
Thyroid Carcinoma
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Cytokine Signalling
functions of human soluble IgE receptors in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells from normal and hyper allergic individuals and
in B-Lymphoblastoid and monocytic cell
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Seventh WHO informal consultation on
standards for cytokines, growth factors and endocrinological
substances
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Cytokine Therapies
and Inhibitors: A Vibrant Pipeline and Active
Approved Market
Suppliers
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Suppliers of cytokines
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Cytokines Selling
Leads
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