DUCKWEEDS                                                            
Duck weed Growth And Cultivation, Technology, Experiments, Management And Control 
                                                     
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  • Duckweed species are small floating aquatic plants found worldwide and often seen growing in thick, blanket-like mats on still, nutrient-rich fresh and brackish waters.
  • Common Duckweed is a food source for many birds and fish, especially ducks, as its name would suggest. Duckweed also provides shelter and protection for aquatic (water) animals, such as frogs, snakes, fish, insects, crustaceans, and others. 
  • To cultivate duckweed a farmer needs to organize and maintain conditions that mimic the natural environmental niche of duckweed: a sheltered, pond-like culture plot and a constant supply of water and nutrients from organic or mineral fertilizers.
  • Duckweed protein has higher concentrations of the essential amino acids, lysine and methionine, than most plant proteins and more closely resembles animal protein in that respect.
  • Harvested duckweed plants contain up to 45% protein by dry weight and may be used without further processing (i.e., drying) as a complete feed for fish. Dried duckweed meal can provide the protein constituent of various mixed animal feeds. The vitamin A and pigment content of duckweed have proven particularly valuable in poultry diets.
  • Duckweed-based systems provide genuine solutions to wastewater treatment . They are inexpensive to install as well as to operate and maintain. They do not require imported components.
  • Duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems have demonstrated great efficiency in treating domestic wastewater and also have done so at a net profit.
  • The profitability of duckweed production is especially sensitive to two factors: (1) the cost of fertilizer, and (2) the sale price of fresh duckweed. Where all fertilizer and most water are obtained from a domestic wastewater stream, the internal rate of return on duckweed production jumps from 23 percent to 52 percent. A 30 percent increase in the price of fresh duckweed brings the internal rate of return up to 55 percent. 
  • The amount of working capital required for linked duckweed and fish production is high by most comparable standards. At a price of $0.03/kg for fresh duckweed, a farmer growing one hectare of carp will require between $1,500 and $1,600 for a year's supply of duckweed.
  • As a market for dried duckweed meal is gradually established, pricing of fresh duckweed will be influenced more by market prices of dried duckweed meal and protein extract. And these will, in turn, be tied closely to prices of competitive products derived from soybean and fish. 
General
  • Duckweed
  • Lemnaceae
  • Natural Populations Of Duckweed
  • Duckweed at The Phoenix Zoo
  • Technical Description Of the Duckweed Family
  • Duckweed And Fishes
  • Duckweed Aquaculture
Growth And Cultivation
  • Aquatic Habitats
  • Sustainable Aquaculture
  • Flowering And Dormancy
  • Optimum Growing Conditions
  • Modeling Duckweed growth in Wastewater Treatment systems
  • Measuring Duckweed Growth
  • Obtaining and Culturing Duckweed
Species
  • Common Duckweed
  • Giant Duckweed
  • Landoltia punctata
  • Lemna minor
  • Lemna trisulca
  • Free Floating Plants
  • Worldwide Lemnaceae Species List

Consultants

  • Duckweed.Com.AU
  • Creek Street Micro Farm
  • Louis Landesman
  • Mr. Wolffia
  • Sulabh International Academy of Environmental Sanitation
  • Profiles Of Specialists
  • Rebecca Maria Torres
Experiments 
  • Amino Acid Metabolism of Lemna minor
  • Variation And Selection Within Clonal Lines Of Lemna minor
  • Analyzing Duckweed Data
  • Duckweed Bioassay Method
  • Population Growth of an Invasive Species Using Duckweed as a Model
  • Comparison Of the Sensitivity algae Vs Duckweed
  • Dose/Response Experiments Using Duckweed
  • Production Of Auxotrophs In a Duckweed
  • Duckweed Bioassays: Compounds and Concentrations
Technology
  • Potential for the use of duckweed-based pond systems in Zimbabwe
  • Constructed Wetlands for Swine Wastewater
  • Wastewater Treatment Using Duckweed
  • Duckweed based wastewater treatment and reuse
  • Dynamics of Nitrogen Cycling in Lemna Wastewater Treatment Systems
  • Duckweed Technology
  • Fatehgarh tops in introducing duckweed technology
  • United States Patent
Applications
  • The Capacity Of Duckweed to Treat Wastewater
  • Bioremediation
  • A Potential High Protein Feed Resource For Domestic animals And Fish
  • Duckweed Use For Sewage treatment And Fodder Production
  • A new System For The Production Of Vaccines And Monoclonal Antibodies
  • Duckweed Application
  • Duckweed Soup
  • Dr Wastewater Duckweed Application Page
  • Digestibility And Feeding Systems Of Duckweed In Ducks
  • Nutritional evaluation of aquatic plants for pigs
Projects
  • International Scientific Cooperation Projects
  • Integrated Aquaculture Project
  • Living With Duckweed
  • Social Aspects Of Sanitation in India
  • Duckweed Project In Sanghol
  • Duckweed Wastewater Treatment and Reuse For Fodder
  • Duckweed Aquaculture Project
  • Duckweed to Pet Food
  • Project Evaluation
  • Experiments And Projects In Duckweed
  • Duckweed Research Project
  • Regional Projects
Management And Control
  • Aquatic Weed Identification And Control
  • Duckweed And Watermeal: Prevention And control
  • Control Of the Protein Turnover Rates In Lemna minor
  • Aquatic Plant Management
  • Duckweed And Watermeal
  • Duckweed And Watermeal Control In Missouri Lakes And Ponds
  • Aquatic Plant ID And Control
  • Biology and Control of Duckweed With Herbicides
Markets
  • Integrated Aquaculture in Eastern India
  • Lemnagene extols Duckweed Virtues For Biomanufacturing
  • Nutrient Recovery Options
  • Duckweed Ponds For Sustainable Sanitation In Developing Countries
  • The Role Of Scavenging Duckweed In Integrated Farming Systems in Vietnam
  • Wastewater Aquaculture

Company Profiles

  • Bio Tech Waste Management
  • Biolex
  • Lemna Tec
  • Missouri Botanical Garden
  • Airmax
  • PhytoMyco Research Corporation
Reports
  • Lemna Corporation Facility Wins Engineering Excellence Award
  • Lemna Facility In Poland Receives National Outstanding Construction Award
  • Lemna International Providing Immediate And Long term Solutions
  • Duckweed Invasion In Lake Maracaibo
  • Supplement For Scavenging Native Chickens
  • Annual Report 2004
  • Annual Report 2005

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