- Chromium is a naturally
occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and in volcanic
dust and gases.
- Chromite deposits are mined by both
underground and surface techniques.
- Chromite is commonly found as brittle masses in
peridotites, serpentines, and other basic igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The principal producing areas are South Africa, Russia, Albania, the
Philippines, Zimbabwe, Turkey, Brazil, India, and Finland.
- The most common forms are
chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI). No taste or odor is
associated with chromium compounds.
- The economics of chromite
ore recovery depend on the occurrence of the mineral and its chemical
composition.
- Chromium-bearing pigments
include both trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds.
- Chromium(III) is an
essential nutrient that helps the body use sugar, protein, and
fat.
- Breathing high levels of
chromium(VI) can cause irritation to the nose, such as runny nose,
nosebleeds, and ulcers and holes in the nasal septum.
- Chromium is a constituent
of a variety of alloy steels, cast iron, and, non- ferrous alloys,
chromium’s function in these products is to enhance their mechanical
properties or to impart
special properties of electrical or abrasive
resistance.
- In the metallurgical
industry, chromite ore is blended with carbon-rich material and with
fluxes (material that promotes fusing of metals and otherwise aids
physical and chemical processing), fed into an electric-arc furnace, and
smelted.
- Before plating, most
metal surfaces are cleaned in a degreaser, conditioned for the plating
process in a series of acid and caustic baths and then rinsed to remove
remaining bath liquids.
- The chemical industry
feeds dried, crushed, and ground chromite ore mixed with soda ash (a
source of sodium carbonate) into a rotary kiln furnace.
- The refractory industry
crushes chromite ore and blends it with magnesia to make shaped and
unshaped refractory products. Shaped refractories are bricks that are
assembled where they are used such as in a furnace.
- Chromium in stainless
steel is recycled when stainless steel is reused.
- Crushing of lumpy Chrome
ore requires Jaw Crushers, Drum Roller Crushers and Hammer
Crushers.
- The purpose of
beneficiation is to render the ore physically and chemically suitable
for further treatment.
- The total cost of
beneficiation plant project is Rs. 8.86 millions. This amount includes
the land, machinery,building, furniture and fixture, and raw material
inventory etc. However, the cost of land varies from area to
area.
- Chromium contained
in
chromite ore and chromium ferroalloys and metal were imported from
South Africa(37%), Turkey (13%), Russia (18%), Kazakstan (8%),Zimbabwe
(7%), and other nations totaling 22%.
- In several large
applications, users have implemented plans that will result in
replacement of 20 percent of hard chrome with thermal spray within two
to three years, and up to 80 percent replacement by 2010 or shortly
thereafter. While hard chrome markets are stable in the near term, by
the end of the decade, serious erosion in those markets can be
expected.
- Some 99 percent of the
world's chromite is found in southern Africa and Zimbabwe. Chemical and
metallurgical industries use about 85% of the chromite consumed in the
United States.
- Major producers are South
Africa, Philippines, India, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Pakistan, UAE and
Oman.
|
About Cr
- FAQ-Chromium
- Occurrence and
Composition
- Cr-Spinel
Composition
- Chrome Ore
Reserves
- FAQ-Chrome Plating
- Chromium Borides
Formation
- Chromite
Minerals
- Chromium
Compounds
Mineral
Resource-India
- Minerals
Available-Karnataka
- Resource-Manipur
Mining and
Processing
- Chromium Extraction from
Soil
- Chromium
Identification
- Beryllium
Identification
- Electroplating
- Chromium Plating
Processes
- Cluster
Rendering
- Conversion
Layers
- Nanocrystalline
Coatings
- HVOF Tungsten Carbide
Coatings
- Electroplating
Replacement
- Leather
Tanning
- Stainless Steel
Refining
- Resurfacing
- Chrome Tanning Liquors
Recycling
Testing and Experiments
- Salt Spray and Humidity
Test
- Chromium Toxicity
Test
- Chromium(III)
Biosorption
- Raman
Microscopy
Accessories
- Laboratory
Equipments
- Crushers
- Magnetic Roll
Separators
- Racks &
Fixtures
- Chrome Plating
Tanks
- Contract
Machining
- Chrome Strip
- Screw
Conveyors
- Cutting
Machine
- Cylinder Rods
- Chrome Trim
Kit
- Chrome Tachometers
Kit
Production and
Technology
- Chromite World Production
By Country
- FeCr World Production By
Country
- Nutrition Cr-Increasing
Profit
- Import and
Export
- Chrome-Ores
Distribution-Turkey
- Philippine Metallic
Mineral Production
- World Production Capacity
- Mining-Investment
Policy
- Chromium Alternative
Technologies
- Zero-Waste
Technology-Recycling
- Ferroalloy
Technologies
- Hard Chrome Control
Technologies
Material Safety
Data Sheet and Guidelines
- Chromium
Silicide
- Chromite Sand
- Medium Carbon
FeCr
- Chromium Oxide
- Regulations and
Advisories
- MACC Standards for
Electroplaters & Anodizers
- Mining Education and
Training-India
- Black Chrome Emblem
Kit-Installation Instructions
Useful Reports
and Review
- Hexavalent Chromium
Standards
- Geological
Report
- Manufacturer's
Report
- Chromium
Review
- Waste Water
Treatment
- Middelburg
Ferrochrome
- Orissa Mining
Corporation
|
Advantages and
Drawbacks
- Consumer Uses
- Chromium Hazards and
Alternatives
- Risk Reduction
Strategy
- Toxicological
Review-Hexavalent
- Toxicological
Review-Trivalent
- Pollution
Prevention
- Corrosion
Protection
- Respiratory
Protection
Beneficiation
Plant Set-Up & Project Consultants
- Chromite Beneficiation
Plant
- Cr Medical Surveillance
Project
- Ruighoek Project-South
Africa
- Tata Steel Ferro
Chrome Project
- Corrosion
Consultancy
- Hernic Ferrochrome
project
- Pyromet-Project
Profiles
- Equipment Restoration
- Aganozerskoe Chromite
- Coobina Chromium Extended
Project
- Kemi
Chromite-Finland
- Voskhod Chrome
Project
- Consultancy Projects-
Kharagpur
- Chrome
Projects-Madagascar
Marketing
- Chromium
Market-1996
- Chromium
Exports-1999
- Hard Chrome
Plating
- U.S. Imports of FeCr By
Country
- U.S. Imports of Cr
Materials By Type
- U.S. Exports of Cr
Materials By Type
- Danish Market
- Superalloy Degassed
Chromium-US
- Chrome and Stainless
Steel Market
- Zimbabwe-Brazil
Trade
- Industrial Minerals
Information
- Oman Chromite
Price
Analysis
- American
Chrome
- Sodium Bichromate
- Hexavalent&Trivalent Costs Comparison
- Chromium Metal
Prices-US
- Salient Chromium
Statistics
- FeCr Cost
Suppliers
- Chromium Crusher-Selling
Leads
- Trade Leads-Chrome
Concentrate
- Chromate
Manufacturers
- Chromium Leading
Companies
- DynaChrome
- Wholesale Tanning
Services
- Elementis
Chromium
- CPH
- Hebei Chromate Chemical
- Wilbury Metals
- Sri Vasavi
Industries
- B M
Group-India
- Chromite Ore
Suppliers-Indian Industry
Industrial
Overview
- Mineral
Industry-Albania
- Mineral
Industry-Brazil
- Mineral
Industry-Burma
- Metal Plating and
Finishing Industry
- Assmang
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