- The allethrins are a
pair of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides. They are
synthetic pyrethroids, a synthetic form of a chemical found naturally in
the chrysanthemum flower.The compounds have low toxicity for humans and
birds, and are used in many household insecticides such as RAID as well
as mosquito coils. They act by paralyzing the insect before it kills.
They are also used as an ultra low volume (ULV) spray for outdoor
mosquito control.
- Allethrin is used
mainly for the control of flies and mosquitoes in the home, flying and
crawling insects on farm animals, and fleas and ticks on dogs and cats.
It is formulated as aerosols (1 - 6 g/litre), sprays, dusts (1%), smoke
coils, and mats. It is used alone or combined with synergists
(e.g.,
piperonyl butoxide and N- octylbicycloheptene
dicarboximide) or other insecticides (e.g., fenitrothion). It is also
available in the form of emulsifiable concentrates and wettable
powders.
- Bioallethrin is more
than twice as effective as allethrin and is mainly used to control
household insects. It is formulated as aerosols and sprays with
synergists and/or other insecticides (e.g., d-phenothrin or
deltamethrin). A few tonnes of bioallethrin have been used in Spain for
this purpose, according to Battelle. Since 1982, this aerosol
formulation has been used in many other countries. The use of mosquito
coils and electric mats has also increased considerably.
- D-Allethrin is slightly
volatile at room temperature (vapour pressure 0.165 mPa at 25°C) with a
boiling point of 281.5°C. It has low water solubility (5 mg/l at 25°C)
and the octanol-water partition coefficient (log POW = 4.95 at 25°C)
makes d-allethrin a fat-soluble compound.d-Allethrin is of low toxicity
to birds. Toxicity testing showed that S-bioallethrin is toxic to fish
and allethrin is toxic to honey-bees. Toxicology studies on d-allethrin
generally showed low mammalian toxicity.
- It is estimated that
several hundred tonnes of allethrin, d-allethrin, bioallethrin,
esbiothrin, and S-Bioallethrin are manufactured and used yearly
throughout the world, mainly for the control of household insects.
Formulations include concentrates, aerosol sprays, smoke coils, electric
mats, and emulsifiable with or without synergists or other
insecticides.
- With over 255 species
of mosquitoes-believed to be responsible for spreading diseases such as
malaria and dengue fever. India has a large and growing market for
mosquito repellants. Many methods are used in households for dealing
with thw mosquito menace. Coils were the first mosquito repellants to be
introduced in the Indian market.
- In 1998, studies
conducted by the Malaria Research Center found that none of the leading
brands provided 100% protection against mosquitoes. In spite of the
pervasiveness of the mosquito problem, the use of repellants in India is
fairly low. it is estimated that only 16.4% of the households in all
urban areas and 22.6% in the metros use mosquito
repellants.
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General
- Allethrin
Information
- Allethrin Risk Value
Information
- Allethrin Data
Sheet
- Standard D-
Allethrin
- Allethrin
Monograph
- Synthetic
Pyrethroids
Production and
Properties
- Allethrin Industrial
Production
-
Pyrethroids,
pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide in sediments by high-resolution gas
chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry
- Pyrethrium
Production
-
Absorption
and Metabolism of Allethrin by the Adult Housefly
Company
Profiles
- Agropharm Ltd
- Globe
Insecticides Limited
- KAPI Limited
- MOSFLY
International
- Psyche
- Zebith
- Vallabh
Pesticides
- Vijay
International
Consultants
- Giorgio F.
Castellani
- David M.
Soderlund
- Lynne Ann Oland
- Arie Markus
- Michael Dean
Hammig
- Scott Michael
Bartell
- Paul M. Stewart,
Ph.D.
Material Safety Data
Sheet
- Bio Allethrin
- D-Allethrin
- D-Allethrin Sales
Specification Data Sheet
- Sciencelab Allethrin
Data Sheet
- Allethrin Pesticides
Database
- Allethrin Chemical
Profile
Patent
- Seed treatment with
combinations of pyrethrins/pyrethroids and thiamethoxam
- Microcapsule
insecticide composition
- Insect repellent candle
form
- Pesticidal cyclopropane
carboxylic acid esters, their compositions and use
- Method for killing
insects with electro-mechanical ultrasonic nebulizer
- Stable medicated animal
care formulation
- Pesticide
- Controlled-release
pesticides and methods for preparation and use thereof
- Preparation of
pesticide microcapsule
Project and
Plant
- Ghana-AEF-Antelope
Company Ltd Project
- Develop New and
Improved Pesticides/technologies for Protection of Deployed War Fighters
from Arthropods That Vector Disease
- Pyrathyroid
Insecticides
-
Methods
Development for the Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Environmental
Samples
- Sumitomo Chemical
Plant
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Applications
- Dengue
Control
- Pesticide Use
Patterns
- Pests of the Flower
Garden
- Pyrethroids and water
Quality
- Dogs and Pesticide
Use
Market
- Production, Import/
Export, Use and Disposal
- Mosquito Repellent
Coils and Mats
- Biocide Market
- China Pesticide Market
Report
- Insecticide Market
Trends and Potential Water Quality Implications
- All Out - Marketing a
Mosquito Repellant
Report
- Bioallethrin WHO
Report
- Kill Zone: House and
Garden Insect Killer
-
Mosquito Coil
(Allethrin) Poisoining in Two Brothers
- D- Allethrin WHO
Report
- Insecticide and
miticide mode-of-action classification
- Pesticides
Toxicology
- Use Mosquito Coils and
Mats with Caution
- Repellents that kill
slowly
- FAO Specifications for
Plant Protection Products
Suppliers and
Buyers
- Shogun Organics
Ltd.
- Allethrin
Manufacturers
- Allethrin China
Suppliers
- Chinese Suppliers for
Allethrin
- Allethrin Suppliers
Directory
- Foreign
Exporters & Manufacturers
- Allethrin
Exporters
- Manufacturers of
Allethrin
- Selling Leads of
Allethrin
- Allethrin Sellers
List
- Allethrin
Suppliers
- Directory of Indian
Allethrin Suppliers
- Exporters of
Allethrin
- Ruchi Overseas
- Venus Impex
- Traders of
Allethrin
- Allethrin
Importers
- Allethrin Buyers
List
Hazards and
Toxicity
-
Hazards of
Manufacturing and Transporting Pesticides
- Potential for Human
Exposure
- Toxicological Profile
for Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids
- Acute toxicity of
allethrin for non-target aquatic organisms
- Toxicological
Effects
- Evaluation of the
Toxicity of Pesticide Residues in Food
Safety and
Guides
- Safety of Pyrethroids
For Public Health Use
- Pyrethroid Insecticides
Fact Sheet
- Thermacell Allethrin
Fact Sheet
- Chemical Safety
Training Modules
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